Reproduction is central to understanding issues of gender empowermnt. Issues of access, fertility, family planning and reproductive knowledge are entwined with gender norms to shape women's choices and decisions. Gender norms are difficult to define because they are complex, multi-faceted and have become somewhat of a 'catchall' category of explanatory cultural beliefs and expectations.  The work listed here provides an overview of past efforts at the measurement of reproductive decisions, gender norms and where the literature is heading.